Evening primrose oil

Evening-primrose is a genus of about 125 species of flowering plants, native to North and South America. ^[1] Plant description include that leaves grow in circular shape around stem and close to the ground. Flowers bloom in evening or after sunset and hence they named as "evening-primrose" and are yellow in most species. The leaves grow on both sides of the stem at alternating levels. ^{[1, 2]}

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Evening primrose oil that is used for its nutritional purpose is extracted from seed of evening primrose. ^{[1, 2, 3, 4]} It is a natural and the richest source of Gamma-Linolenic acid. The mature seeds contain approximately 25% essential fatty acids including linoleic acid (LA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and both of them belong to the omega-6 fatty acids. ^{[1, 2, 3]} Evening primrose oil is usually put into capsules for use. ^[4]

Evening primrose is a wild plant that grows throughout the U.S. and has served as a useful component in food and medicine all the way through history. Its use is evident for stomach and respiratory complaints. Native Americans used evening primrose in various aspects; they used leaf poultices from the plant for bruises and hemorrhoids. Evening primrose is also come in England and Germany as food and introduced by Europeans. ^[2]

The evening primrose oil is extracted from seed of primrose is a good source of GLA which plays numerous important role in many of the body’s life processes these include;

Evening primrose oil has beneficial effects to promote heart health. ^{[2, 5, 7, 9]}

It also gives its beneficial effects during weight loss, burning calories, LDL level. ^{[5, 6, 7, 8]}

Use of evening primrose oil reduces high blood pressure. ^{[5, 6]}

Evening primrose oil acts as a natural estrogen promoter. ^{[5, 8]}

Use of evening primrose is also evident to reduce menstrual problem such as menstrual discomfort and heavy bleeding. ^{[1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]}

It is thought that dietary supplementation of evening primrose oil shows its beneficial effects on nerve health. ^{[2, 5, 7, 8, 9]}

GLA found in primrose oil helps to prevent the swelling and pain associated with these frustrating pimples ^[6] and other embarrassing skin condition. ^{[2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]}

Use of evening primrose oil is seemed to be effective in condition of discomfort and swelling associated with bones and joints. ^{[2, 4, 6, 8]}

Couples trying to conceive may consider evening primrose oil as a part of every day life. Because, it improves circulation to penis and is welcoming and supporting to uterine environment. ^{[6, 7]}

Evening primrose oil provides its beneficial effects as an anti aging ingredient and promotes health in aging, gives glowing skin and removes wrinkles. ^{[7, 8]}

Appropriate use of evening primrose oil shows its wholesome effects in long standing problems associated with breast and prostate gland. ^{[1, 2, 8]}

Further studies on primrose oil suggested that use of this also ha beneficial effects in improvement of brain health and intellectual processes. ^{[2, 8, 9]}

Other benefits of evening primrose oil include good effects on low red blood cell count, ^[9] blood sugar level, ^{[2, 4]} fatigue, ^[2] alcohol withdrawal ^[5] and headaches. ^[7]

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oenothera
2. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/evening-primrose-000242.htm
3. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-primrose.html
4. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/eveningprimrose/
5. Phyllis A. Balch, CNC & James F. Balch, M.D. (2000). Prescription for Nutritional Healing. (3rd edition) Page No. 106. Penguin Putnam INC. New York: Avery.
6. Marcia Zimmerman, CN & Jayson Kroner, CSN. (2006). 7-Syndrome Healing. Page No. 208, 225, 226 and 229. Chico, California: Nutrition Solution Publications.
7. James A. Duke (1997). The Green Pharmacy. Page No. 27, 47, 175, 186, 271, 235, 346, 348, 352, 353, 364, 366, 393 and 394. Pennsylvania: Rodale Press Emmaus.
8. Lorna R.Vanderhaeghe, BSc and Karlene Karst, BSc, RD. (2004). Healthy fats for life. (2nd edition). Page No. 26, 29, 30, 48, 72, 80, 87, 89, 91, 106, 107, 119,122, 127, 129, 135, 136, 138, 144, 145, 152, 166 and 167. Canada :Wiley
9. Jason Theodosakis, M.D., M.S., M.P.H., Brenda Adderly, M.H.A., & Barry Fox, Ph.D. (1998) Maximizing the Arthritis Cure. (1st edition) Page No. 173. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent any disease.