| Product Description |
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This clinically-studied, pure L-carnitine is the naturally-occurring form that's found in food and synthesized in the body. Nearly 70% of the energy needed for heart function is derived from fatty acid breakdown. This supplement transports those fatty acids into the mitochondria of cells, where they are burned for cellular energy.
Benefits
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Boosts the
body's immune response by enhancing immune cell activity.† |
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Pure L-carnitine
enhances cellular energy.† |
Key Features
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Clinically-studied to support cardiac health.† |
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Vegetarian
formula. |
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| Suggested Use |
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| One caplet one to three times daily, or as directed by a health care practitioner.
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| Ingredients/Supplement Facts |
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| Supplement Facts |
Serving Size: 1 Caplet |
| Ingredients |
Amount |
%DV |
| L-Carnitine |
500 mg |
† |
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| Other
Ingredients:calcium sulfate, cellulose, silicon dioxide, stearic acid, and calcium stearate. |
Contains No: sugar, salt, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, soy, dairy products, artificial coloring, artificial flavoring and preservatives. This product contains natural ingredients; color variations are normal.
†: Daily value not established.
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| Additional Information |
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HOW DOES IT WORK?
The primary function of carnitine is to carry long-chain fatty acids across the
inner mitochondrial membrane and shuttle acetyl groups out of the mitochondria.
This is a complex process involving several steps.1-5
Simply stated, carnitine carries long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria
by esterification of the long-chain fatty acids into acylcarnitines, which are
then transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once inside the mitochondria,
the fatty acid splits away from the carnitine where it undergoes beta-oxidation
for cellular energy production. Carnitine then facilitates the removal of
short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids that accumulate from fatty acid
beta-oxidation.1-5
Fatty acids are utilized in energy production in all tissues except the
brain. In the cortex of the kidney and heart muscle, fatty acid oxidation is the
major fuel.2 For this reason, L-carnitine's role in these tissues is
well researched and documented.
Fatty Acid Oxidation
The only site of degradation and oxidation of fatty acids is the mitochondria.
Therefore, use of fatty acids for energy production is dependent on their
transport into the mitochondria by carnitine. The process of fatty acid
degradation requires the progressive release of two-carbon segments
(beta-carbons) from each fatty acid molecule. This process, beta-oxidation,
results in tremendous amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the high energy
compound required for almost all metabolic reactions. Fatty acid molecule to ATP
molecule ratios can be as high as 1:146.1,6 This means one fatty acid
molecule can yield 146 molecules of ATP.
Vitaline L-Carnitine and Support of Renal (Kidney) Health
The kidneys regulate water and electrolyte balance through maintenance of a
stable environment. Unwanted substances are filtered by the kidneys from the
plasma and excreted in the urine. The kidneys then return needed substances back
to the blood. Some substances do not require filtration from the plasma.
Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, has a high molecular weight,
eliminating the need for filtration.7,8
The kidneys have physiologic activities in addition to water and electrolyte
balance. Well-functioning kidneys form between 89% and 95% of the body's
erythropoietin, a circulating hormone that regulates red blood cell production.7,8
L-carnitine supports healthy microcirculation and tissue oxygen delivery in the
kidney, as well as healthy serum albumin concentration.9-12
Vitaline L-Carnitine and Support of Immune Health
Immunity is the resistance to problem that is provided by the Defense mechanism of body.
Cell-mediated immunity depends on T-cell responses to cellular antigens.
Non-specific immune mechanisms include cytokines, which are produced mainly by
T-cells. Cytokines function as intercellular signals that regulate immune
responses. All types and subsets of T-cells are required for healthy immune
function.13,14 L-carnitine supports immune health, including support
of cytokine response and lymphocyte response.15-19
Vitaline L-Carnitine and Support of Cardiovascular Health
Cardiac muscle cells contain many mitochondria, reflecting their continuous
energy needs. ATP production, therefore, occurs in higher quantities in cardiac
cells than in other cells. This ATP in turn conveys energy for cellular
function.20 Generally, cardiac muscles do not require carbohydrates
for normal cellular metabolism as do other tissues. Under resting conditions,
cardiac muscle uses fatty acids for 70% of its energy requirements.21
L-carnitine supplementation supports healthy cardiac enzyme levels, heart
contractility and subsequent circulation and exercise tolerance, because of the
special role L-carnitine plays in transporting fatty acids into the cell for
energy production.22-32
Vitaline L-Carnitine and Support of Healthy Glucose Levels
The human body uses glucose and fatty acids to meet its energy needs. Control of
the body's fuel supply is a complex process that relies on several metabolic
processes for regulation. Free fatty acids stimulate beta cells to stimulate
increased insulin secretion. They also inhibit glucose uptake, phosphorylation,
and glycogen storage. Free fatty acids mediate and stimulate insulin delivery
and glucose production.33,34 L-carnitine transports fatty acids into
the mitochondrial matrix for oxidation and supports healthy glucose levels.35-37
Safe, Physiologic Active Form
While L-carnitine occurs naturally and provides beneficial biologic properties,
D-carnitine is biologically inactive. D-carnitine interferes with the absorption
and utilization of L-carnitine. When D-carnitine is synthesized in a mixture of
D and L carnitine, the negative effects of D-carnitine persist, causing
depletion of carnitine.38 Therefore, only L-carnitine is used in
Vitaline L-Carnitine .
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| Disclaimer |
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These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent any disease.
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